Skin color is formed by melanin produced by melanocytes. All skin types are susceptible to pigmentation disorders. Such changes are more evident in dark-skinned people.
Facial spots are a valuable problem that affects individuals in a significant way from the social and spiritual direction. It also reduces the social functions and self-esteem of individuals. These individuals are more prone to tension, depression and use of antidepressants. With the effect of tension and depression, there is an increase in cortisol levels and an increase in melanin synthesis. This triggers the formation of stains.
The most common causes of facial stains are old age, excessive sun exposure, wrong cosmetic applications, use of wrong cosmetic products, menopause, pregnancy and drugs such as birth control pills.
The stain is divided into two as superficial (epidermal) or deep (dermal) according to its depth. The use of wood light has a valuable place in determining this distinction. If the lesion is more obvious and black with Wood’s lamp, the stain is superficial and the clinical improvement is more likely. In addition, 3D (three-dimensional) imaging systems are also helpful.
Superficial (Epidermal) Spots
Freckling (efelid, solar lentigo)
Age spots (actinic keratosis, seborrheic keratosis)
Cafe ola stains
Deep (Dermal) Spots
Melasma (sun spot, pregnancy spot)
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (spots formed after skin applications)
Birthmarks (nevus of ota)
Becker’s nevus
Methods used in spot treatment
Medication
Chemical peeling
carbon peeling
Mesotherapy – PRP applications
Depigmentation masks
After the stain analysis of the patient, the most appropriate treatment option is decided. Combined treatments give more effective results.
Medication
Various drug combinations (tretinoin, hydroquinone, dexamethasone) have been used for many years in the treatment of stains. It starts late to the treatment, so it is necessary to use it for a long period (3-12 months).
Chemical peeling
It is a system that creates peeling on the skin applied with chemical solutions obtained from organic fruit acids. It is an active method in medium-depth stains, more obviously in superficial stains.
After the skin is clear, the appropriate chemical spy is applied to the skin superficially, and it is removed from the skin with a neutralizing solution in the middle of 2-10 minutes.
Often jessner’s, glycolic acid or salicylic acid solutions are used.
It is done in the form of 4 applications every two weeks. The peeling power is increased as tolerated.
carbon peeling
It is an active system that can be applied to all skin types with the Q-switch Nd-YAG laser. A few minutes after the carbon is applied, the appropriate dose of carbon blasting and spot-specific laser application is applied to the patient.
A laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm is used for deep spots, while a laser with a wavelength of 532 nm is used for superficial spots.
It is a painless application that does not affect social and business life. The session takes an average of 30 minutes. 6-10 sessions are repeated once a week.
In addition to spot treatment, it is also very successful in skin tone balancing, active acne, acne scars, pore tightening and skin rejuvenation treatments.
mesotherapy
It is a method of applying medicine to the skin by micro-injection. In mesotherapy, correction of pigment differentiation, tone balancing and antioxidant effects are used.
Tranexamic acid, vitamin C, vitamin K, N-acetyl glucosamine are some of the active points.
Mesotherapy is used in the treatment of facial rejuvenation, hair loss, cellulite and local fat deposition as well as spot treatment.
Depigmentation masks
The mask suitable for the depth of the stain is selected. After facial cleansing, the mask is applied to the entire face. After 12 hours, it is required to wash with plenty of water.
Significant redness and sensitivity may develop on the face after the mask, but it will return to normal within a few days. In this period, soothing creams and moisturizers are used.
A single application is sufficient for many times. After the application, sunscreen and spot follow-up creams should be used.
In summary;
Spot treatment is a long treatment that requires patience. Appropriate treatment should be selected according to the depth of the stain.
Patients should use sunscreen regularly in all seasons.
Non-medical practices should be avoided in the treatment of blemishes.